Food, feeding and the material everyday geographies of infants: possibilities and potentials

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Social and Cultural Geography on 16 Jun 2016, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2016.1193889This paper forges an agenda for researching geographies of infants. Scholars have tended to overlook the everyday geographies of very young children. However, outside of geography, infancy is seen as a specifically dynamic period of life, and is subject to sustained research and policy intervention. In particular, early childhood is viewed as a key point in which to intervene to transform enduring, interconnected, societal, educational, and health based inequalities (Department of Health and Department for Education, 2013; US Early Head Start Act, 2007). Food and feeding are seen as critical both to the health of infants now and of the children and adults they become (NHS Start 4 Life, 2010). However, much policy and research under-theorises the importance of socio-spatial contexts and the subjectivity/agency of infants. There is, then, an urgent need for geographers to put infants onto the agenda, to inform and challenge these dominant accounts. Researching with infants necessitates not just critiquing modern, liberal notions of an autonomous subject/agent, but developing a new way of understanding subjectivity and agency. Drawing upon Lupton’s (2013) notion of infant-carer interembodiment, I suggest a way forward with reference to the material geographies of infant feeding

Cryopreservation effects on domestic cat epididymal versus electroejaculated spermatozoa

Frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa have already been successfully used in artificial insemination in the domestic cat, proving to be a valuable resource for the reproduction of felid species, which are threatened with extinction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of freezing and thawing on domestic cat semen collected by electroejaculation (EL) and from the epididymides (EP) and vasa deferentia. Ten adult cats were anesthetized, electroejaculated and immediately thereafter, orchiectomized. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected through the compression of caudae epididymidis and vasa deferentia. Spermatozoa were frozen-thawed following a single protocol. Sperm motility, sperm progressive status (0-5), plasma membrane integrity and morphology (light and transmission electron microscope) were assessed on two occasions, immediately after collection and after freezing and thawing. There were no significant differences between the electroejaculated and epididymal fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa for any of the variables. However, the incidence of acrosome defects after freezing and thawing increased by 19% based on light microscopy, whereas ultrastructural images revealed acrosome damages in most sperm cells. Since these acrosomal changes are known to affect sperm fertilising capacity, further studies are needed to optimize cryopreservation techniques for epididymal as well as electroejaculated domestic cat spermatozoa. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Correlação entre estenose lombar baseada na morfologia do saco dural e qualidade de vida

To evaluate the possible existence of a significant correlation between quality of life and severity classification of lumbar stenosis based on dural sac morphology in outpatients. Methods: Forty patients with a diagnosis of lumbar stenosis followed at a university hospital were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quality of life questionnaires: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36, Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSS) and EQ-5D. They were classified as type A, B, C or D based on MRI. For the statistical analysis, the Spearman correlation was used. Results: Seventeen female patients and 23 male patients with mean age of 56.5 years constituted the sample. ODI had a mean dysfunction of 44.9%, the PCS score averaged 29.9, the MCS score was 41.3. The general symptoms of SSS presented a mean of 3.2 and the EQ-5D presented an average of 0.491. The patients with the highest severity in the classification were not necessarily those who presented worse scores in the quality of life questionnaires. Conclusion: The classification of severity of the lumbar spinal stenosis based on dural sac morphology does not correlate with the applied quality of life questionnaires. Level of Evidence III; Cross-sectional observational study1812831sem informaçãoAvaliar a possível existência de uma correlação significativa entre a classificação de gravidade da estenose lombar baseada na morfologia do saco dural e a qualidade de vida em pacientes ambulatoriais. Método: Quarenta pacientes com diagnóstico de estenose lombar, acompanhados em um hospital universitário, foram submetidos ao exame de Ressonância Magnética (RM) e a questionários de qualidade de vida: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36, Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSS) e EQ-5D. Foram classificados em tipo A, B, C ou D, baseados na RM. Na análise estatística, foi realizada a correlação de Spearman. Resultados: 17 pacientes do sexo feminino e 23 do sexo masculino com média de idade de 56,5 anos. ODI apresentou uma disfunção média de 44,9%, o PCS escore médio de 29,9, o MCS de 41,3. Os Sintomas gerais do SSS apresentaram média de 3,2 e o EQ-5D apresentou média de 0,491. Os pacientes com maior gravidade da classificação não foram, necessariamente, os que apresentaram piores escores nos questionários de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Classificação de estenose lombar baseada na morfologia do saco dural não apresenta correlação com os questionários de qualidade de vida aplicados. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo observacional analítico transversalsem informaçã

História natural da estenose do canal lombar: aspectos clínicos e do equilíbrio sagital

To compare the sagittal alignment (SA) parameters in individuals with LCS and surgical indication with a control group and to study the correlations between SA parameters and ODI, VAS and EQ-5D in individuals with LCS and surgical indication. Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional case-control study, the individuals were allocated as follows. A stenosis group (SG) composed by patients with LCS confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging with surgical indication, treated between July 2010 and August 2016 and a control group (CG), without LCS. All subjects underwent anamnesis, completed the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and total spine radiographs were taken. Clinical data, HRQoL and radiographic parameters were correlated. Results: Sixty-four individuals formed the SG and 14 the CG. The SG had higher values of mean age, coronal imbalance, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrofemoral distance (SFD), overhang (OH), PI-LL mismatch, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and smaller thoracic kyphosis (TK), total (TLPL) and regional lumbopelvic lordosis (RLPL) in all vertebrae, sagittal offset (SO) in all evaluated vertebrae and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) with p <0.05. In the SG, the only significant correlations (p <0.05) were between TK and ODI and EQ-5D; all the other sagittal parameters did not correlated with VAS, ODI or EQ-5D. Conclusion: SG had SA parameters altered in relation to CG. There was a direct correlation between decrease in TK and worsening of ODI and EQ-5D in SG. Level of evidence: III; Case Control Study183209213sem informaçãoComparar parâmetros do AS em indivíduos portadores de EDL com indicação cirúrgica aos de uma população controle; estudar a correlação entre os questionários ODI, VAS e EQ-5D a parâmetros do AS nos portadores de EDL com indicação cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo transversal multicêntrico tipo caso-controle. Grupo estenose (GE) composto por portadores de EDL, confirmada por Ressonância Nuclear Magnética, com indicação cirúrgica, atendidos entre Julho de 2010 a agosto de 2016. Grupo controle (GC) sem EDL. Todos os indivíduos realizaram anamnese, responderam questionários de qualidade de vida e realizaram radiografias de coluna total. Dados clínicos, questionários e parâmetros radiográficos foram correlacionados. Resultados: 64 indivíduos formaram o GE e 14 o GC. GE apresentou valores maiores de idade média, desequilíbrio coronal, sagital vertical index (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrofemoral distance (SFD), overhang (OH), missmatch PI - LL, Owestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) e valores menores de cifose torácica, lordose lombopélvica total e regional em todas as vértebras, offset sagital em todas as vértebras avaliadas e EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), com p < 0,05. No GE, houve correlações significativas (p < 0,05) apenas entre TK e ODI e EQ-5D, sendo que todos os outros parâmetros sagitais não apresentaram correlação significativa com os questionários de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: GE apresentou perda dos parâmetros de AS em relação ao GC. Houve correlação direta entre diminuição da TK e piora do ODI e EQ-5D no GE. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de Caso Controlesem informaçã

A versatilidade clínica do arco utilidade The clinical versatility of the utility archwire

INTRODUÇÃO: dentro da ciência Bioprogressiva, o arco utilidade, juntamente com o quadri-hélice, é o dispositivo mais conhecido e utilizado para o tratamento de inúmeras más oclusões. Com um desenho ao mesmo tempo simples e original, o arco utilidade tornou-se parte integrante do arsenal ortodôntico utilizado nos períodos das dentaduras mista e permanente. O nome do arco é uma referência à grande versatilidade que este dispositivo oferece, e devido aos vários efeitos que o mesmo pode promover durante o tratamento. OBJETIVO: este artigo destina-se a discutir a fabricação, a ativação e o uso clínico do arco utilidade de Ricketts no tratamento ortodôntico, além de descrever alguns dos princípios da técnica ortodôntica Bioprogressiva. CONCLUSÃO: pode-se concluir que o arco utilidade é um aparelho extremamente versátil, com inúmeras possibilidades clínicas, sendo capaz de intruir, extruir, avançar ou retrair os incisivos superiores e inferiores; manter, diminuir ou aumentar o espaço no arco inferior; além de ancorar os molares inferiores. Entretanto, uma das maiores vantagens de seu uso consiste na correção de más oclusões do tipo Classe II, com mordida profunda.<br>INTRODUCTION: The utility archwire, along with the quad-helix, is the most widely known and used device within the Bioprogressive technique for the treatment of several malocclusions. Featuring a simple yet original design, the utility archwire has become an integral part of the orthodontic arsenal, with applications in the periods of mixed and permanent dentition. The name of this archwire refers to its great versatility, and to the multiple effects it can have during treatment. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to discuss the production, application and clinical use of the Ricketts utility archwire in orthodontic treatments, as well as to describe some of the basics aspects of the Bioprogressive orthodontic technique. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the utility archwire is an extremely versatile appliance with innumerable clinical applications - able to intrude, extrude, advance or retract maxillary or mandibular incisors; maintain, diminish or increase space in the lower arch, in addition to anchoring mandibular molars. Nevertheless, one of the most significant advantages of its use is in the correction of Class II malocclusions, with overbite